Insulin resistance and IGF-I sensitivity in vascular cells - impact of hybrid receptors With special regard to diabetes
نویسندگان
چکیده
....................................................................................................................................... 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS......................................................................................................................2 ABBREVIATIONS............................................................................................................................. 4 LIST OF PAPERS...............................................................................................................................5 INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................................. 6 The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system.............................................................................. 6 Insulin-like growth factor type I (IGF-I) ..................................................................................... 6 Insulin-like growth factor type II (IGF-II)................................................................................... 8 Insulin-like growth factor type II receptor (IGF-IIR)................................................................. 8 Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs)............................................................... 8 Insulin.......................................................................................................................................... 8 Insulin analogues........................................................................................................................ 9 Insulin receptor and IGF-I receptor ........................................................................................... 9 Regulation of the IGF system .................................................................................................... 9 Hybrid insulin receptor / IGF-I receptor.................................................................................... 10 Ligand binding........................................................................................................................... 12 Activation of receptors and signalling pathways .................................................................... 12 Insulin receptor isoforms.......................................................................................................... 14 Insulin and IGF-I in classical insulin-target tissues ................................................................... 14 Insulin resistance and Type 2 Diabetes .................................................................................... 15 The vascular wall ....................................................................................................................... 16 Endothelial cells......................................................................................................................... 17 Vascular smooth muscle cells ................................................................................................... 17 Atherosclerosis.......................................................................................................................... 17 Diabetic macrovascular complications .................................................................................... 18 Diabetic microvascular complications...................................................................................... 18 IGF system and vascular complications ................................................................................... 18 IGF system and vascular cells ................................................................................................... 19 Insulin resistance and IGF-I sensitivity in vascular cells impact of hybrid receptors 3 AIMS OF THE THESIS ....................................................................................................................20 LIST OF METHODS .........................................................................................................................21 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION.......................................................................................................... 22 GENERAL DISCUSSION ................................................................................................................. 27 SUMMARY .....................................................................................................................................30 CONCLUSIONS................................................................................................................................31 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS................................................................................................................ 32 SVENSK SAMMANFATTNING ....................................................................................................... 35 REFERENCES..................................................................................................................................36 Insulin resistance and IGF-I sensitivity in vascular cells impact of hybrid receptors
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